I am posting today my updated partial list with links to GRIN and CWG of plant species which are or have been under consideration as possible bio-fuel sources. This is by no means a comprehensive list, but rather a quick scan of the first twenty pages of a “google” search using the phrase ‘biofuel species’. The economic benefits of bio-fuel species are large, but considered with in a short term time frame. The long term challenges may collide with the short term benefits “…because traits deemed ideal in a bio-energy crop are also commonly found among invasive species (note the following).”[1]
“C4 photosynthesis;
Long canopy duration;
Perennial;
No known pests or diseases;
Rapid growth in spring (to out-compete weeds);
Sterility;
High water-use efficiency;
Partitions nutrients to belowground components in the fall”[2]
This partial listing is not exclusive to the United States, but rather provides an over-view as to the direction the world community may be exploring. Further, this is not a list of invasive species, as, by its very nature, it is more a guide for reference, and for use in making regionally local determinations of the possibility of invasiveness.
Users should not use this list as an authority without first checking sources and verifying the information for themselves. Any information or corrections as to native range will be appreciated. Users should refer to the Global Compendium of Weeds for definitions of terminology. Listing of a species herein does not necessarily imply an invasive species, but rather suggests a closer look before introducing or cultivating the species for bio-fuel.
Today’s additions are for the most part traditional agricultural commodity crops
Any corrections or additions would be appreciated; please include citation for accreditation.
Acer pseudoplatanus L. (sycamore)[3] native-western Eurasia; cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, sleeper weed, weed: North America[GCW]
Acrocomia (aculeate) aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. (macaw palm [GRIN] Macauba palm) [4] native-Central and North South America; weed Florida[GCW]
Aleurites fordii Hemsl. (tung oil tree)[5] native-Eurasia[GCW]; agricultural weed, casual alien, environmental weed, naturalised, weed: Japan, Florida, New Zealand, Dominican Republic [GCW]
Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd. (candlenut) [6] widely cultivated & naturalized in tropics, exact native range obscure[GRIN]; casual alien, environmental weed, naturalised, weed: nican Republic, Federated States of Micronesia, Christmas Island, New Zealand, partsd of North America[GCW]
Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew nut)[7] native-Northern & Western South America[GRIN]; agricultural weed, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, sleeper weed, weed: Australia, Costa Rica, Belize, Singapore[GCW]
Andropogon gerardii Vitman (big blue-stem, Gerard grass)[8] native-North & Central & North America[GRIN]; cultivation escape, naturalised, weed[GCW]
Annona muricata L. (soursop)[9] widely cultivated & naturalized, probable origin West Indies[GRIN]; agricultural weed, cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, weed: Vanuatu, R.D.Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Ecuador, Galapagos, Federated States of Micronesia, Singapore[GCW]
Arachis hypogaea L. (Ariachis hypogaea) [10] (peanut) only cultivated[GRIN], tropical S America, trop S Amer (probably Brazil - not known in wild), S. America, Brazil, South America, Brazil[GCW]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, naturalised, weed: Finland, Denmark, Isle of Wight, Cornwall, British Isles, Belize, United States, Galapagos, Lithuanian, Taiwan, Mexico[GCW]
Arundo donax L. (giant reed)[11] native-North Africa, Central & South Eurasia[GCW]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed: Azores Archipelago, New Zealand, Portugal, Australia, United States, Jamaica, Japan, Canary Islands, South Africa, Egypt, Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana. Hungary, Pacific Ecosystems, Spain[GCW]
Attalea funifera Mart. ex Spreng. (piassava)[12] native-South America, Brazil[GRIN]; no negative references in GRIN or GCW
Avena sativa L. (oat)[13] only cultivated[GRIN], West Asia/Europe, "Kulturpfl., Heimat:SE-Eur., SW-As.,", Probably cultivated origin in Medit, from Avena fatua, Euras., Eurasia, Europe, southern Europe, Old World, Eurasia, Obscure[GCW]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, weed: New Zealand, Brazil, Denmark, Finland, Canary Islands, Japan, Australia, Hungary, Cornwall, Iceland, Mexico, Spain, Australia, British Isles, United States, Czech Republic, Chile, South Africa, Argentina, Iceland, Tasmania, Galapagos[GCW]
Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (neem)[14] native-Asia tropical[GRIN]; Asia (Bangladesh, India, northern Myanmar), exact native range obscure[GCW]; agricultural weed, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, sleeper weed, weed: Caribbean, North America (USA & Canada), British Isles, China, Czech Republic, Belarus[GCW]
Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl. (Brazil nut)[15] native-South America[GRIN]; naturalised: Dominican Republic, Micronesia[GCW];
Brassica alba (L.) Rabenh. (mustard)[16] native: no information[GCW]; agricultural weed, environmental weed, naturalised, weed: Canada. United States, Mexico[GCW]
Brassica napus L. (rapeseed)[17] only cultivated, possible origin in cultivation[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: Japan, Palestine, Europe (Czech Republic, Spain, British Isles, Nordic Countries. Ireland), Mexico, Iceland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Paraguay, United States (California, Idaho), Galapagos, Lithuania, Ukraine, Chile [GCW]
Calendula officinalis L. (calendula)[18] native origin unknown[GRIN]; casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, sleeper weed, weed: Finland, Denmark, Japan. Australia, Hungary, Mediterranean, British Isles, New Zealand, Mexico, Spain[GCW]
Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz (camelina)[19] native-Eurasia[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, weed: Finland, Denmark, Japan, Argentina, Australia, United States (Illinois, Michigan, California, Colorado), Iceland, Germany, Netherlands[GCW]
Cannabis sativa L. (hemp)[20] probable origin south-central Asia[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed: Finland, India, Korea, South Africa, Australia, British Isles, New Zealand, Cornwall, Micronesia, China, United States[GCW]
Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower)[21] probable origin west Asia[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, weed: Finland, Denmark, Japan, Canary Islands, Western Europe[GCW]
Carya illinoensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch, orth. var. (pecan)[22] native origin unknown[GCW]; weed: region undefined [GCW]
Caryocar brasiliense Cambess. (pequi)[23] native-South America[GRIN]; weed: region undefined [GCW]
Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn. (kapok)[24] naturalized in tropical Asia, native range uncertain[GRIN]; cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, weed: Tanzania, Micronesia, Galapagos, Australia, Christmas Island [GCW]
Cocos nucifera L. (coconut)[25] pantropic, probable origin paleotropics[GRIN]; casual alien, cultivation escape, naturalised, weed: Guyana; Surinam; French Guiana, Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly, Marquesas Islands, Australia, Singapore, Galagapos, United States, Belize[GCW]
Coffea arabica L. (coffee)[26] native range uncertain[GRIN]; casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, sleeper weed, weed: Australia, Surinam, Belize, Paraguay, Micronesia, Marquesas Islands, Hawaii, Ecuador, Pierto Rico, Caribbean Isalnds, Galapagos, Canary Islands, Swaziland, Surinam; French Guiana[GCW]
Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander, cilantro)[27] probable origin Mediterranean region[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, garden thug, naturalised, sleeper weed, weed: Finland, Japan, Canary Islands, Egypt, Australia, Hungary, United States (California), British Isles, Spain, Austria, Germany, Belize, New Zealand, China, Puerto Rico, Canary Islands, Lithuania, Hawaii, Czech Republic, Spain[GCW]
Corylus avellana L. (hazelnut)[28] origin uncertain-Eurasia[GRIN]; environmental weed, naturalised, weed: Westerm Europe, Australia, United States, Hawaii[GCW]
Crambe abyssinica Hochst. ex R. E. Fr. (crambe)[29] native-uncertain; casual alien, naturalised: Czech Republic[GCW]
Cucurbita foetidissima Kunth (buffalo gourd)[30] native-uncertain [GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, weed: Mexico, United States, Austria[GCW]
Cucurbita pepo L. (pumpkin seed)[31] native-uncertain[GCW]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, sleeper weed, weed: Finland, Denmark, Canary Islands, Australia, Hungary, British Isles, Spain, Costa Rica, Paraguay, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Canada[GCW]
Diploknema butracea (species not listed in USDA plant list; maybe local name)[32]
Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (oil palm)[33] [34] native-tropical Africa[GRIN]; naturalised, weed: Guyana; Surinam, French Guiana, United States (Florida)[GCW]
Erythea salvadorensis H.Wendl. ex Becc. (palm)[35] (species not listed in USDA plant list; taxonomy confused)
Euphorbia lagascae Spreng. (euphorbia)[36] native-Italy, Spain[GRIN]; casual alien: Czech Republic[GCW]
Euphorbia lathyris L. (gopher plant)[37] exact native range obscure[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: United States, New Zealand, Portugual, Denmark, Japanm, Australia, Switzerland, Chile[GCW]
Garcinia (no species reference: Genus: Garcinia L )[38]
Glycine max (L.) Merr. (soybean)[39] origin east Asia[GRIN]; casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, weed: Finland, Denmark, Hungary, Australia, British Isles, R.D.Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Paraguay, Belize, United States, Galapagos, Puerto Rico, Lithuania[GCW]
Gossypium hirsutum L. (cotton)[40] native-no information[GCW]; casual alien, environmental weed, naturalised, weed: British Isles, Spain, Australia, Paraguay, Hawaii[GCW]
Helianthus annuus L. (sunflower)[41] native-North America, probably not native in eastern United States[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, naturalised, environmental weed, garden thug, noxious weed, weed: Philippines, Finland, Israel, Portugual, Denmark, Japan, Australia, Canary Islands, Hungary, British Isles, Mexico, Canada, United States, Austria, Germany, Belize, Puerto Rico, South Africa[GCW]
Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg. (rubber seed[42])[43] native-South America[GRIN]; environmental weed, naturalised, weed: Dominican Republic, Mexico, R.D.Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Micronesia, Belize, Australia, Singapore, Christmas Island[GCW]
Hibiscus cannabinus L. (kenaf)[44] native-Africa[GRIN]; agricultural weed, garden thug, naturalised, weed: Japan, Egypt, South Africa, United States (Florida), Zimbabwe[GCW]
Hypericum canariense L. (canari)[45] native-Canary Islands[GRIN]; environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, weed: United States, Hawaii, Australia[GCW]
Jatropha curcas L. (jatropha) [46] [47] native-Mexico, South America[GRIN]; agricultural weed, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: Guyana; Surinam, French Guiana, Carribean, Tanzania, Australia, Costa Rica (native invasive?), Hawaii, South Africa, United States (Florida), Galapagos, Puerto Rico, Swaziland[GCW]
Lesquerella ludoviciana (Nutt.) S. Watson (silver bladderpod)[48] native-North America[GRIN]; no negative references in GRIN or GCW
Licania rigida Benth. (oiticia)[49] native-South America[GRIN]; no negative references in GRIN or GCW
Linum usitatissimum L. (linseed, flax)[50] only cultivated[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, weed: Finland, Denmark, Chile, Autralia, Iceland, British Isles, New Zealand, Hawaii[GCW]
Liquidambar styraciflua L. (sweetgum)[51] native- El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico – Chiapas, Nicaragua, United States[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, naturalised, weed: Canada, Australia, New Zealand[GCW]
Lupinus albus L. (lupine)[52] native-Europe & western Asia[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, weed: Hungary Chile, Austria, British Isles, United States, Australia, Czech Republic, New Zealand[GCW]
Macadamia ternifolia F. Muell. (Macadamia terniflora)[53] (Macadamia nut)[54] native- Australasia[GRIN]; naturalised: Swaziland[GCW]
Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. (mehua, Tengkawang or Illipe nut)[55] native to-no information; no negative references in GRIN or GCW
Mauritia flexuosa L. f. (Buriti palm)[56] native-South America[GRIN]; no negative references in GRIN or GCW
Melia azedarach L. (mindi) [57] native-temperate & tropical Asia, Autralasia, southwestern Pacific[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, sleeper weed, weed: South Africa, Caribbean, Palestine, southern Australia, United States, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, United Kingdom[GCW]
Merunggai[58] (species not listed in USDA plant list)
Miscanthus × giganteus[59] (Miscanthus x giganteus Sterile hybrids. Most cultivars used as commercial crops in Europe start with this name.)[60] not listed in GRIN or CWG. This is an obvious gap in knowledge and should probably not be taken as a indication of non invasive tendencies.
Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Maxim.) Benth. (Amur silvergrass).”[61] Native-Russian Far East, China, Japan[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: Austria, United States, China, British Isles, Canada[GCW]
Miscanthus sinensis Andersson (Chinese silvergrass) [62] native-Russian Federation - Kurile Islands [s.], Primorye [s.], Sakhalin [s.],China: China [e.], Japan, Korea, Taiwan,
Malesia, Indonesia – Celebes, Philippines[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: United States, Australia, Japan, British Isles, Canada, China, Micronesia, Guyana, Micronesia[GCW]
Olea europaea L. (olive)[63] native-Africa & Eurasia[GRIN]; weed, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, sleeper weed, weed: New Zealand, Australia, United States[GCW]
Orbignya martiana Barb. Rodr. (Babassu palm)[64] native to-no information; no negative references in GRIN or GCW
Oryza sativa L. (rice)[65] cultivated throughout tropic, subtropic, & warm-temperate regions[GRIN]; weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: Cuba, Brazil, United States (California, Florida), Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Mexico, Costa Rica, Australia[GCW]
Nephelium lappaceum L. (rambutan)[66] native- China, Hainan, Yunnan, Cambodia; Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Malesia, Indonesia, Celebes, Java, Kalimantan, Sumatra, Malaysia[GRIN]; no negative references in GRIN or GCW
Panicum virgatum L. (switch grass)[67] native-Canada, United States, Mexico, Central America, Cuba[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, naturalised, weed: Finland, Canada, Denmark, British Isles, United States[GCW]
Papaver somniferum L. (opium poppy)[68] native-Portugal, Spain, Algeria, Libya, Cyprus, Morrocco, Tunisia, Greece, Italy, France[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: Finland, Denmark, Japan, Australia, Canary Islands, Portugal, United States (California), Hungary, Cornwall, Switzerland[GCW]
Paulownia tomentosa (empresstree, foxglove-tree, karritree, princesstree, mao pao tong, Transcribed Chinese, paulownia imperial, chinesischer, kiri, paulovnia-real, quiri) [68a] [68b] Native – China [GRIN]; casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, sleeper weed, weed [GCW]
Pennisetum purpureum Schumach. (elephant grass)[69] native-Africa[GRIN]; agricultural weed, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, sleeper weed, weed: Caribbean, United States, Canada, Hawaii[GCW]
Persea americana Mill. (avocado)[70] native-North America, Central America[GRIN]; casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, weed: Finland, Caribbean, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, British Isles, Micronesia, Belize, United States (Florida), Galapagos, New Zealand, Puerto Rico[GCW]
Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass) [71] native-North America, Eurasia[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, Iceland, Austria, New Zealand, Queen Charlotte Islands, Tasmania, China[GCW]
Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine)[72] native-North America[GRIN]; agricultural weed, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: South Africa, Paraguay, Ecuador, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand[GCW]
Platonia insignis Mart. (bacuri)[73] native-Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Para, Colombia, Paraguay[GRIN]; no negative references in GRIN or GCW
Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. (Japanese knotweed)[74] native-no information in GRIN or GCW; agricultural weed, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: United States, Canada, New Zealand, Ecuador, Korea, South Africa, China[GCW]
Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre (karanj[75]) [76] native-no information; garden thug, weed: R.D.Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Puerto Rico, United States (Florida)[GCW]
Populus deltoides W. Bartram ex Marshall subsp. deltoides (cottonwood)[77] native-North America[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: Portugal, Spain, South Africa, Australia, United States, New Zealand, Lithuania[GCW]
Psophocarpus tetrangonolobus (four-sided bean)[78] origin possibly tropical Asia or Madagascar[GRIN]; naturalised: New Zealand[GCW]
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn (bracken)[79] worldwide weed[GRIN]; agricultural weed, cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: Palestine, Philippines, Jamaica, Brazil, Australia, United States, South Africa, Slovenia, Canada[GCW]
Pueraria montana (Lour.) Merr. var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. M. Almeida ex Sanjappa & Predeep (kudzu)[80] native- Russian, China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malesia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Fiji, New Caledonia, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu[GRIN]; agricultural weed, environmental weed, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: United States, Ecuador, British Isles, Japan, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland[GCW]
Punica granatum L. (Chinese apple; pomegranate) [81] native-Asia[GRIN]; casual alien, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, weed: India, Canary Islands, British Isles, Spain, Belize, United States, Galapagos, Canada, Puerto Rico, Switzerland[GCW]
Ricinus communis L. (castor)[82] [83] probable origin Africa[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: Finland, Azores, New Zealand, Portugal, Japan, Brazil, Thailand, Peru, Ecuador, Untied States, Hawaii[GCW]
Robinia pseudoacacia L. (black locust) [84] native-North America[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, garden thug, naturalised, noxious weed, sleeper weed, weed: New Zealand, Portugal, New England, Korea, Japan, Poland, South Africa, Thailand, Peru, Ecuador, Hawaii[GCW]
Salix spp (willows)[85] (no species reference: Genus: Salix L )[86]
Salvadora persica L. (meswak; toothbrush tree)[87] native-Africa, Mid East, Asian subcontinent[GRIN]; weed: Egypt[GCW]
Sesamum orientale L. (sesame) [88] [89] native-no information; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, naturalised, weed: Denmark, Java, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, British Isles, Australia, Puerto Rico, United States (Florida) [GCW]
Shorea pinanga Scheff. [90] Native-Brunei. Indonesia, Malaysia[GRIN]; no negative references in GRIN or GCW
Shorea seminis (unsure of species nomenclature and taxonomic reference)[91]
Shorea singkawang (unsure of species nomenclature and taxonomic reference)[92]
Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby (Virginia mallow)[93] native-no information; casual alien: Czech Republic[GCW]
Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C. K. Schneid. (jojoba, goatnut)[94] native-North America[GRIN]; naturalised: United States, Canary Islands[GCW]
Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. (Johnson grass) [95] native-Egypt, Libya, Asia[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: United States, New Zealand, Cuba, Korea, Denmark, Japan, South Africa, Italy, Argentina,Hungary, Australia, Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Gibralter, Taiwan[GCW]
Spartina alterniflora Loisel. (smooth cordgrass)[96] native-North & South America: casual alien, cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: United States, New Zealand, Denmark, Canada, British Isles, Australia, South Africa[GCW]
Spartina anglica C. E. Hubb. (English cordgrass)[97] native-United Kingdom[GRIN]; cultivation escape, environmental weed, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: United States, New Zealand, Australia, England, Tasmania, China, Germany[GCW]
Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth (big cordgrass) native-North America[GRIN]; weed[GCW]
Spartina patens (Aiton) Muhl. (marsh grass) native-North America & Caribbean[GRIN]; environmental weed, naturalised, noxious weed, weed: United States, Canada, Spain[GCW]
Spartina pectinata Link (sloughgrass)[98] native-North America[GRIN]; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, naturalised: Denmark, Ireland, England, Canada[GCW]
Theobroma cacao L. (cocoa)[99] native-South America[GRIN]; cultivation escape, naturalised, weed: R.D.Congo, Rwanda, Burundi, Costa Rica, Micronesia, Galapagos, Puerto Rico[GCW] Zea mays L. (corn)[100] [101] no information in GRIN or GCW on native range; agricultural weed, casual alien, cultivation escape, garden thug, naturalised, weed: Finland, Denmark, Canary Islands, Hungary, Cornwall, New Zealand, Austria, Micronesia, Paraguay, Ecuador, Galapagos, Puerto Rico, Chile, Czech Republic, British Isles, Canada, Ukraine, Australia, United States (Florida) [GCW]
[1] Adding Biofuels to the Invasive Species Fire?, S. Raghu,* R. C. Anderson, C. C. Daehler, A. S. Davis, R. N. Wiedenmann, D. Simberloff, R. N. Mack: http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/anderson/Raghu_et_al_2006%20Final%20published%20article%20September%2022%202006.pdf
[2] Adding Biofuels to the Invasive Species Fire?, S. Raghu,* R. C. Anderson, C. C. Daehler, A. S. Davis, R. N. Wiedenmann, D. Simberloff, R. N. Mack: http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/anderson/Raghu_et_al_2006%20Final%20published%20article%20September%2022%202006.pdf
[3] Plant Materials Used for Biofuel, Plant Materials Program: http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/pubs/NPMFactSheets/Biofuel/Biofuels-FactSheet-June07.pdf
[4] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[5] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[6] 50 species of plants in Indonesia can provide Alternative fuel, Tourism Indonesia: http://www.tourismindonesia.com/2007/08/50-species-of-plants-in-indonesia-can.html
[7] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[8] Virginia mallow – Huge potential for one of the most promising perennial biomass crops, prof. Halina Borkowska, Agricultural College Lublin prof. Bolesław Styk, Agricultural College Lublin, Roman Molas, Hort-Max/BNI, Lublin, Poland: http://www.worldofrenewables.com/index.php?do=viewarticle&artid=198&title=virginia-mallow-huge-potential-for-one-of-the-most-promising-perennial-biomass-crops
[9] 50 species of plants in Indonesia can provide Alternative fuel, Tourism Indonesia: http://www.tourismindonesia.com/2007/08/50-species-of-plants-in-indonesia-can.html
[10] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[11] Adding Biofuels to the Invasive Species Fire?, S. Raghu,* R. C. Anderson, C. C. Daehler, A. S. Davis, R. N. Wiedenmann, D. Simberloff, R. N. Mack: http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/anderson/Raghu_et_al_2006%20Final%20published%20article%20September%2022%202006.pdf
[12] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[13] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[14] 50 species of plants in Indonesia can provide Alternative fuel, Tourism Indonesia: http://www.tourismindonesia.com/2007/08/50-species-of-plants-in-indonesia-can.html
[15] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1
[16] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[17] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[18] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[19] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[20] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[21] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[22] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[23] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
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[26] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[27] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[28] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[29] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[30] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[31] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
ATTRA Publication #IP281
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ATTRA Publication #IP281
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[50] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
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[93] Virginia mallow – Huge potential for one of the most promising perennial biomass crops, prof. Halina Borkowska, Agricultural College Lublin prof. Bolesław Styk, Agricultural College Lublin, Roman Molas, Hort-Max/BNI, Lublin, Poland: http://www.worldofrenewables.com/index.php?do=viewarticle&artid=198&title=virginia-mallow-huge-potential-for-one-of-the-most-promising-perennial-biomass-crops
[94] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
[95] Adding Biofuels to the Invasive Species Fire?, S. Raghu,* R. C. Anderson, C. C. Daehler, A. S. Davis, R. N. Wiedenmann, D. Simberloff, R. N. Mack: http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/anderson/Raghu_et_al_2006%20Final%20published%20article%20September%2022%202006.pdf
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[99] Biodiesel: The Sustainability Dimensions, By Al Kurki, Amanda Hill, and Mike Morris. NCAT Program Specialists, Published 2006: http://attra.ncat.org/attra-pub/biodiesel_sustainable.html#table1 ATTRA Publication #IP281
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1 comment:
Have you cross-referenced this list at all by some characterization of invasiveness?
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